At Hunter Valley Oncology, we do what we can to ease that burden with compassionate and personalised care from the very first visit. We serve patients across Newcastle, Maitland, and Nelson Bay, offering qualified treatment close to home. Whichever cancer you are facing – lung, breast, colon, prostate or other – this guide has been created to help you feel more prepared and supported at your first oncology appointment.

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Preparation Before You Arrive

Your first oncology appointment is a chance for your medical team to get to know you, understand your medical history and begin developing a personalised treatment plan. Here’s what to bring:

• Referral from your GP or specialist
• Copies of scans and pathology results (even if you know which company they were done with if a physical copy is not available)
• List of current medications, including supplements
• A support person, such as a partner, friend or family member to take notes or offer emotional support
• Your questions or concerns if you can write them down beforehand so you leave feeling informed

Emotional preparation is just as important. It’s normal to feel anxious or unsure. Remember: you don’t have to know all the answers today. The goal of this first appointment is to establish a starting point and our team is here to guide you through it.

During the Visit

From the moment you arrive at Hunter Valley Oncology, our friendly admin team will help you feel welcome and at ease. Your first visit will typically involve:

Meeting Your Oncologist

You will be introduced to your medical oncologist, and after a discussion and getting more familiar, your oncologist will:

• Review your test and scan results
• Take your history and physical examination
• Discuss your diagnosis in clear, compassionate language
• Talk through treatment options relevant to you, including chemotherapy, immunotherapy, hormone therapy, surgery or combined treatment where suitable.

Meeting the Care Team

You may also be introduced to your oncology nurse, who will assist with symptom management and answer questions, as well as our patient services team, who can help coordinate tests, referrals, or treatment schedules.

Our team is your team. We are here to help you understand your condition, treatment options, symptom management, next steps and all the support resources available to you.

Key Questions to Ask at Your First Appointment

It’s completely okay not to understand everything right away. Your oncologist is there to answer your questions and no question is too small. If we haven’t covered these in your appointment already, here are some important questions you might want to consider:

• What type of cancer do I have, and what stage is it?
• What are my treatment options, and what do you recommend?
• What are the potential side effects of treatment?
• How long will treatment last?
• Will treatment affect my fertility or future family planning?
• Are there clinical trials I might be eligible for?
• How much will treatment cost?
• What is covered by Medicare or private health insurance?

Treatment Around You, Not Only The Cancer

Cancer affects more than just the body; it impacts every aspect of your life. At Hunter Valley Oncology we have a whole-person approach to care, and encourage our patients to do the same for themselves. Between onsite services and our trusted networks of local providers, we can guide, refer and connect you to a range of holistic care services.  

Allied Health Professionals
We can provide referral to local allied health services such as physiotherapy, exercise physiology, acupuncture and massage therapy.

Nutritional Support and Dieticians
These partnering providers can help manage appetite changes, weight loss management, nutrition and nausea, tailored for you and your symptoms.

Social Work Services
These services can assist with family support, work issues, household tasks and transport.

Palliative Care or Home Care
If needed, we can connect you to palliative and home care services for during and after your treatment.

Counselling and Mental Health Services
Professional support for your mental health and wellbeing, especially during a time anyone would need help navigating and processing.

Support Groups
Our team and community may be able to suggest local support groups for connection and encouragement. Many find peer groups helpful with understanding that comes from lived experience.

We also encourage the involvement of your carers or loved ones. They’re an important part of your support system and are welcome at appointments.

Cost Related Treatment Concerns

Cost concerns can add another layer of emotional weight after a cancer diagnosis for a lot of patients. At Hunter Valley Oncology, the team will explain consultation fees, rebates and treatment-related costs before care begins so there is no added and unexpected financial stress. Here are some considerations to know:

• Medicare rebates apply to most standard treatments
• New patient and follow-up consultations have a gap fee
• Chemotherapy is no gap for patients with suitable private health insurance
• Private health insurance may cover additional treatment options, hospital stays or day oncology costs, based on your level of cover
• Some treatments, tests or medications may involve out-of-pocket costs. The team will talk you through these before treatment starts
• We do not offer payment plans, but patients are also not asked to pay large lump sums upfront for treatment

If you have any financial concerns, please speak with our patient support team. We’re here to help you find solutions.

Local Oncology Care in the Hunter Valley

One of the biggest advantages of receiving treatment through Hunter Valley Oncology is accessibility. You don’t need to travel to Sydney for expert oncology care, we’re proud to support patients locally across Newcastle, Maitland and Nelson Bay.

This means you can attend appointments and receive ongoing treatment without the burden of long travel, allowing you to stay close to your support network and familiar environment.

Starting Your Care After Diagnosis

A first oncology appointment can feel like a lot to take in. It is also a chance to ask questions, understand your diagnosis and begin planning care that reflects your treatment needs and personal circumstances.

Hunter Valley Oncology sees patients with every type of cancer, including lung cancer, breast cancer, bowel cancer and prostate cancer. Our compassionate, qualified team becomes your team, and we’re ready to welcome and support you.

If you have recently been diagnosed, contact Hunter Valley Oncology to book an appointment and take the next step in your care close to home.

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This article is for general information and educational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment, and does not establish a doctor-patient relationship. All medical procedures carry risks, and outcomes vary between individuals. Always seek the advice of your GP, specialist, or another appropriately qualified health professional with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition or treatment. Where further or specialised care is required, your treating practitioner can provide referral.

The post Your First Appointment at Hunter Valley Oncology appeared first on Hunter Valley Oncology.

At Hunter Valley Oncology, we understand that fertility preservation is a deeply personal and time-sensitive issue. While your primary focus may be on survival and recovery, protecting your ability to have a family in the future matters, too. This article outlines the key fertility preservation options available, the importance of early planning and how we support patients across Newcastle and the Hunter Valley through this crucial part of their journey.

Why Fertility Preservation Matters

Cancer treatments such as chemotherapy, radiation and even surgery can impact fertility in both men and women. The extent of the effect depends on the type of cancer, the treatment used and your age.

• Women may experience damage to the ovaries, reduced egg count, or early menopause, especially in treatments for breast cancer or ovarian cancer.
• Men undergoing treatment for prostate cancer, testicular cancer or colon cancer may experience reduced sperm count or impaired sperm production.

Preserving fertility before treatment starts may offer a better chance of having biological children later, depending on the individual. That’s why early conversations, ideally before treatment begins, are so critical.

Fertility Preservation Options

The good news is that medical advances have made fertility preservation increasingly available. Here are the most common options available:

For Women

• Egg Freezing (Oocyte Cryopreservation): Mature eggs are collected and frozen for future use. This process generally takes 10-14 days and cycles can be introduced so you don’t have to wait for the right part of it anymore
• Embryo Freezing: Eggs are fertilised with sperm (partner or donor) and then frozen as embryos. This is a well-established method that has had favourable outcomes for many patients.
• Ovarian Suppression: Medications such as GnRH agonists may help protect the ovaries during chemotherapy by temporarily shutting them down.

For Men

• Sperm Freezing: A commonly used method. Multiple samples may be collected over a few days and frozen for future use.

Each option has its own benefits, risks and success rates depending on the case and individual. Your oncologist and fertility specialist can guide you through the most suitable choice based on your cancer type, timeline and personal goals.

Timing and Urgency

One of the biggest challenges in fertility preservation is timing. Cancer treatment often needs to begin quickly, but most fertility preservation procedures take 1-2 weeks to complete.

At Hunter Valley Oncology, we prioritise early referral to local fertility clinics in Newcastle and the Hunter Valley. We work closely with fertility specialists to coordinate consultations and procedures to minimise unnecessary delays to your cancer treatment where possible.

Our goal is to integrate fertility preservation seamlessly into your treatment timeline. In many cases, fertility procedures can be completed within about two weeks, aiming to minimise any impact on treatment.

In most cases, it is considered safe to undergo fertility treatments before cancer therapy, with hormone stimulation considered in patients with hormone-sensitive cancers like breast cancer. Under these circumstances, specific protocols can be used to minimise hormone exposure.

Falling pregnant naturally after treatment depends on your age, treatment type and overall health. Some patients retain fertility post-treatment, while others may not. Preserving eggs, embryos, or sperm just gives you more options later, if you need it.

Emotional Support During Fertility Discussions

Fertility is a sensitive and an emotional topic. It can bring a renewed sense of hope for some and be a painful reminder of uncertainty for others. At Hunter Valley Oncology, we recognise the emotional weight of these conversations.

We are here to help support, inform and guide you where we can with your oncology team, fertility specialists and loved ones. You’re not alone in navigating this difficult period. Our team will walk alongside you with empathy and care.

Local Resources and Referral Pathways

As part of our location-based care, we collaborate with reputable fertility clinics throughout Newcastle and the Hunter Valley. This helps in making sure that:

• Referrals are made quickly
• Communication between your oncologist and fertility specialist is seamless
• You don’t have to travel far for expert care

We also provide follow-up support and referrals to gynaecologists, urologists and allied health professionals as needed.

Cost: What’s Covered and What’s Not?

One of the biggest concerns for patients considering fertility preservation is cost. Here’s some information you might want to explore further so you can plan ahead.

• Medicare may cover parts of the initial consultation and hormone medications.
• Private Health Insurance: Some private health insurance policies may contribute to fertility preservation costs, particularly when procedures are considered medically necessary due to cancer. Coverage varies by policy.
• Out-of-Pocket Costs: Egg or sperm freezing can be costly, and storage fees are ongoing. However, financial support may be available.

Moving Forward with Hope and Confidence

Being diagnosed with breast cancer, ovarian cancer or other cancers at a younger age brings its challenges, but also presents you with the opportunity to proactive plan your future.

If having children in the future matters to you, fertility preservation is a conversation worth having as early on in this journey as possible.  

At Hunter Valley Oncology, we’re here to support your whole self, not just treat your disease. From diagnosis to survivorship, you’ll be supported by a multidisciplinary team throughout your care.

If you or a loved one is starting cancer treatment and wants to discuss fertility options, get in touch contact Hunter Valley Oncology today.

> Contact Our Team

*This article is for general information and educational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment, and does not establish a doctor-patient relationship. All medical procedures carry risks, and outcomes vary between individuals. Always seek the advice of your GP, specialist, or another appropriately qualified health professional with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition or treatment. Where further or specialised care is required, your treating practitioner can provide a referral.

The post Navigating Fertility Preservation Before Cancer Treatment appeared first on Hunter Valley Oncology.

At Hunter Valley Oncology, we often see how a patient’s support network makes a difference to their wellbeing and recovery. Compassion, communication, and practical help can ease the emotional and physical load of treatment.

This article explores the ways you can meaningfully support someone through cancer, from emotional presence to practical assistance, while also caring for your own well-being.

1. Be Present, Even in Silence

The most valuable gift you can offer is your presence. Many people with cancer describe feeling isolated, particularly after the initial shock of diagnosis fades and life seems to move on for others.

Simply being there, sitting together, listening, or sharing ordinary moments may be comforting for many people. You don’t need the perfect words or solutions. Silence, shared with empathy, often says more than any reassurance can.

Avoid overusing phrases like “you’ll be fine” or “stay positive,” which can unintentionally minimise their experience. Instead, simple acknowledgements such as “I can’t imagine how hard this is, but I’m here for you” can be grounding and sincere.

2. Offer Practical Help, Not Just Promises

Cancer treatment can disrupt daily routines. Fatigue, nausea, and appointments can make even simple tasks feel overwhelming. Practical support may help your loved one to focus their energy where it’s needed most.

Consider:

• Preparing nutritious meals or setting up a meal roster with friends and neighbours.
• Offering transport to appointments or helping with children’s schedules.
• Assisting with household chores, gardening, or shopping.
• Managing paperwork, medication reminders, or digital communication when they feel too tired.

Instead of asking, “Let me know if you need anything,” try offering something specific, “Can I pick up your groceries this week?” or “Would you like me to drive you to treatment on Friday?”

Small, consistent gestures are often appreciated and can be meaningful.

3. Respect Their Individual Journey

No two people experience cancer the same way. Some want to talk about their diagnosis openly, while others prefer privacy. Some feel hopeful; others experience frustration or sadness. Respecting their individual coping style helps preserve dignity and control.

Follow their lead in conversations. If they want to discuss treatment or emotions, listen attentively. If they’d rather talk about everyday topics, sport, family, or books, allow space for that too. Cancer doesn’t define who they are.

At Hunter Valley Oncology, we remind families that maintaining a sense of normality, laughter, plans, and shared activities can provide powerful emotional balance during treatment.

4. Learn About the Illness (But Don’t Assume You Know Best)

Understanding the basics of your loved one’s cancer and treatment can help you provide informed support. Reputable sources such as Cancer Council Australia or your oncology team can offer trustworthy information.

However, avoid overwhelming your loved one with medical advice or online research unless they ask for it. Every patient’s treatment plan is unique, and unsolicited suggestions may cause confusion or anxiety.

Instead, use your knowledge to ask informed questions during appointments (with permission) or to help interpret information they’ve already received from their care team.

5. Encourage Open Communication

Cancer can bring up difficult conversations about prognosis, fears, or changes in relationships. Encourage openness, but don’t force it. Sometimes, just letting your loved one know they can talk when they’re ready is enough.

If you’re unsure how to handle sensitive topics, professional counsellors or oncology social workers can guide families through communication challenges. Some hospitals and cancer centres can provide resources for family support programs or services that provide this kind of assistance.

6. Look After Yourself Too

Supporting someone through cancer can be emotionally taxing. It’s common for carers and close friends to experience fatigue, stress, or feelings of helplessness. Looking after your own well-being isn’t selfish; it’s essential.

• Make time for rest, exercise, and personal interests.
• Seek support from your own friends, counsellors, or carer groups.
• Be honest with your limits; you can’t pour from an empty cup.

By maintaining your own resilience, you’re better able to offer calm, steady support for the long term.

7. Celebrate Progress and Small Wins

Cancer treatment often involves ups and downs. Recognising milestones, finishing a round of therapy, reaching a scan result, or simply getting through a tough week may help lift morale.

Mark these moments with genuine warmth. A handwritten note, a shared meal, or a walk together can be far more meaningful than grand gestures.

Even when progress is slow or uncertain, finding joy in small things, a sunny day, good food, and laughter can remind both of you that life continues alongside treatment.

Supporting someone through cancer is an act of compassion, patience, and respect. It’s not about fixing the situation but walking beside them with empathy and understanding.

At Hunter Valley Oncology, we recognise the vital role that carers, family, and friends play in the healing process. Our team is here to provide guidance and resources for both patients and their support networks, because no one should face cancer alone.

Medical Disclaimer

This article is for general information and educational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment, and does not establish a doctor-patient relationship. All medical procedures carry risks, and outcomes vary between individuals. Always seek the advice of your GP, specialist, or another appropriately qualified health professional with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition or treatment. Where further or specialised care is required, your treating practitioner can provide an appropriate referral.

The post Supporting a Loved One Through Cancer appeared first on Hunter Valley Oncology.

A Brief Summary: The Psychological Impact of Cancer

The diagnosis and treatment of cancer can be overwhelming and often has a significant effect on a patient’s mental health. Psychologically, people may be affected by increased feelings of anxiety, depression, anger, and fear. These conditions and emotions are often exacerbated by the uncertainty of the disease, the side effects of treatment, and the potential for recurrence.

Anxiety is a common response to cancer diagnosis. Patients may worry about treatment outcomes, their physical health, and the impact of their having the disease on their loved ones. This anxiety can lead to physical symptoms, such as an increased heart rate, sweating, and difficulty sleeping.

Cancer patients also experience depression at greater frequencies. Depression can manifest as feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a lack of interest in activities that were once enjoyable. Facing this psychological impact can be challenging, as it can reduce one’s ability to effectively engage in holistic care during the treatment process.

Managing Anxiety, Depression, and Other Mental Health Challenges

Managing anxiety, depression, and other mental health challenges associated with cancer can be overwhelming. Your healthcare team, including Hunter Valley Oncology, are here to assist you on your journey to wellness. Today, we want to address some steps that can be taken to improve your mental health in the midst of cancer treatment.

Seek Support

Having a support network is essential during cancer treatment. Talk to friends, family, and healthcare professionals about how you are feeling. This empathetic listening ear can provide emotional comfort and guidance when navigating the challenges of cancer.

Practice Self-Care

While we do not wish to suggest that practicing self-care will magically make your struggles disappear, taking care of oneself physically and emotionally is important in managing anxiety, depression, and other mental health issues. Engaging in activities that bring joy and relaxation, such as exercise, meditation, and hobbies, can help improve mental well-being.

Maintain Social Connections

Staying connected with family and friends is important in maintaining emotional support during cancer treatment. Social isolation can further feelings of depression and anxiety. When you can, think about having dinner with your friends, attending a trivia night, or watching a show with someone you care about. Maintaining the ‘normal’ aspects of social life is often encouraging.

Stay Informed

Learning about cancer, treatment options and cancer support networks can help reduce anxiety and uncertainty, and help patients regain a sense of control.

Therapy and Psychological Support

Therapy – such as cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) and other forms of psychological treatment – can be helpful in managing anxiety and depression associated with cancer. Therapy can provide a safe space for patients to process their emotions and learn coping strategies.

Maintain a Healthy Lifestyle

There is great benefit in holistic care. Maintain a healthy diet and exercise regularly within the recommendations of your healthcare team.

At Hunter Valley Oncology, we know that cancer can have a significant impact on a person’s mental health. Managing anxiety, depression, and other mental health issues associated with cancer can be difficult, but there are evidence-based steps to improve your quality of life. We call you to seek help and support whenever you need it and remember that you are not alone in the dynamic process of cancer treatment.

The post It’s Not all Physical: Cancer and its Psychological Effects appeared first on Hunter Valley Oncology.

Exercise and Physical Health

Although central to overcoming this disease, cancer treatments often cause numerous physical side effects including fatigue, muscle weakness, and a loss of stamina. Various studies have shown that exercise can assist in combating these impacts by improving cardiovascular health, increasing muscle strength and flexibility, and reducing the risk of obesity. Regular exercise also improves energy levels, reduces pain and inflammation, and improves sleep quality in cancer patients and survivors. We understand that regular exercise presents additional challenges during this time, but we encourage you to be as active as possible, within your capacity to receive benefits not only from your treatment but an evidence-based lifestyle.

Improving your Mental Health

Exercise is also known to improve mental health by stimulating ‘feel-good’ neurotransmitters in the brain, reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression, improving mood, and promoting overall well-being. We understand that experiences with cancer often negatively affect a patient’s mental health, with anxiety, depression, and emotional distress being of high prevalence. Engaging in regular exercise is a great first step towards managing your stress and anxiety during the diagnosis, treatment or aftermath stage.

Taking care of your mental health is vital, and there are numerous resources, lifestyle choices and support systems available. If you are struggling with your mental health, please reach out for help. More advice can be found on our recent blog on cancer and mental health.

Reducing the Risk of Cancer Recurrence

Several studies have shown that exercise can reduce the risk of cancer recurrence in cancer survivors, specifically for breast, colon, and prostate cancer. Many researchers believe this correlation is a result of improved immune function and reduced inflammation in the body.

Improving your Quality of Life

Improving your quality of life during and post-cancer as you navigate social, bodily and emotional changes is one of our priorities at Hunter Valley Oncology. Exercise can improve quality of life by promoting overall well-being, reducing the side effects of cancer treatments, promoting social connections, and helping patients and survivors regain a sense of control over their health and body.

Getting Started with Exercise

Hunter Valley Oncology recognises that starting an exercise routine can feel overwhelming amongst the host of challenges associated with cancer, and we are here to support you. Talk to your healthcare team to determine which type and intensity of exercise is appropriate for your individual needs. Seeing an accredited exercise physiologist can help you develop an exercise program tailored to your current needs.

Some examples of exercise that may be appropriate for cancer patients and survivors include walking, swimming, yoga, and resistance training. It is important to start slowly and gradually increase the intensity and duration of exercise over time. Additionally, it is important to listen to your body and rest when needed.

Please contact Hunter Valley Oncology for further exercise advice, and let us support you in your cancer journey.

Maitland: (02) 4931 2311

Newcastle: (02) 4941 8424

The Clark Suites: (02) 4942 2600

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What is Cancer?

The term “cancer” refers to a group of diseases characterised by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells. There are many different types of cancer, and these diseases can develop in almost any part of the body. Some of the most common types of cancer include breast cancer, lung cancer, prostate cancer, and skin cancer. Cancer cells can spread to other parts of the body through the bloodstream or lymph system.

Cancer is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Certain genetic mutations can make cells more likely to become cancerous; however, most cancers are caused by a complex mix of genes and exposure to environmental factors, such as tobacco smoke, radiation, and certain chemicals. Some cancers can also be caused by specific infections, including hepatitis and human papillomavirus (HPV).

Why is Cancer Awareness Important?

One of the primary goals of World Cancer Day is to raise awareness of cancer. There are many reasons why this is extremely important for closing the gap of cancer care:

1. Early Detection: Raising cancer awareness is largely aimed at encouraging early detection. When cancer is detected early, it is often more treatable and has a better chance of being cured. Many screening tests for cancer, such as mammograms and colonoscopies, can detect cancer before symptoms appear.
2. Prevention: Cancer awareness campaigns can also focus on educating individuals about ways to reduce their risk of developing cancer. For example, movements such as World Cancer Day can share information surrounding the risks of smoking and the benefits of a healthy diet and regular exercise.
3. Treatment: Access to treatment can be improved by cancer awareness. This is because people are provided with information regarding cancerous symptoms, and are encouraged to seek medical help early, and therefore receive the treatment they need.
4. Support: The profile of cancer-related charities and organisations is often raised through cancer awareness movements. This can help provide much-needed support and funding for people affected by cancer.
5. Reduce Stigma: Cancer awareness can also reduce the stigma associated with cancer, helping individuals and communities to understand that it is not a ‘personal failing’ but a disease that can happen to anyone.

Overall, cancer awareness is essential to help individuals, communities, organisations and governments understand the disease, reduce the risk of developing it, and to improve the chances of survival for those who are diagnosed with it.

What can I do to Live a Healthier Lifestyle and Reduce Cancer Development Risks?

There are several ways to live a healthier lifestyle and reduce your risk of developing cancer:

1. Eat a healthy diet: Eating a diet that is high in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins can help to reduce your risk of cancer. Try to limit your intake of processed foods and red meats, and avoid sugary drinks. Click here for more information regarding healthy diets for cancer risk reduction.
2. Exercise regularly: Regular physical activity can help to reduce your risk of cancer by maintaining a healthy weight and boosting your immune system. Aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise (such as brisk walking) most days of the week. Research indicates a strong correlation between 60 minutes of daily exercise and cancer risk reduction. Click here to learn more about exercise and cancer prevention.
3. Don’t smoke: Smoking is the leading cause of preventable cancer deaths. Quitting smoking can greatly reduce your risk of developing lung cancer and other smoking-related diseases.
4. Limit alcohol consumption: Excessive alcohol consumption can increase your risk of developing certain types of cancer, such as breast and liver cancer.
5. Protect your skin: UV rays from the sun and tanning beds can increase your risk of skin cancer. Wear sunscreen with at least SPF 30, and limit your exposure to the sun during the middle of the day when the sun’s rays are strongest. For more information about protecting yourself from skin cancer, click here.
6. Get screened: Regular cancer screenings can detect cancer in its early stages, when it’s most treatable. Talk to your doctor about which cancer screenings are appropriate for you based on your age, gender and family history.

It’s important to note that some cancers are caused by inherited genetic mutations and cannot be prevented via lifestyle choices, so it’s a good idea to talk to your doctor about your family history and if genetic testing is recommended.

Hunter Valley Oncology is Here to Help

At Hunter Valley Oncology, we work to improve the lives of patients affected by cancer, as well as that of their family and carers. It is our mission to provide care, guidance and understanding to patients at every stage of their cancer journey. On February 4^th – and every day of the year – we want to make a stand for cancer awareness, education and treatment. Close the care gap with us, and get involved on World Cancer Day.

The post Closing the Care Gap with World Cancer Day appeared first on Hunter Valley Oncology.

Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer affecting Australian women, with more than 20,000 women diagnosed annually in Australia, and the second most commonly diagnosed cancer, following prostate cancer.

The 5-year survival rate for stage 1 breast cancer is 100%, but this impressive survival rate drops once the patient moves into stage 2 (94.6%), stage 3 (80.6%), and stage 4 (32%).

Explaining the stages of breast cancer

The stages of breast cancer refer to how much the cancer has grown, and how far it has spread.

Officially breast cancer starts at stage 0, a precancerous stage, with no invasive cells.

Stage 1 – The tumour is small and localised in the breast. Some cancer may affect the nearby lymph nodes.

Stage 2 – The tumour is growing, but still localised, and may have started to spread to the nearby lymph nodes.

Stage 3 – The cancer is now larger, with involved lymph nodes under the arm or around the collarbone. It may have also spread to the skin or chest wall.

Stage 4 – The cancer has metastasised, having spread further afield in the body, most commonly the bones, lungs, and the liver.

The stages of breast cancer are based on the size of the tumour, whether the lymph nodes contain cancer cells, and whether the cells have metastasised. Stages are also affected if the cancer cells have hormone receptors, needing oestrogen and progesterone to grow. Whether the cancer cells have the HER2 protein that helps them grow, and the grading of the tumour

What exactly is breast cancer?

Breast cancer is the abnormal growth of cells lining the breast ducts and/or lobules. The growth of these cells become uncontrolled, and starts to affect the surrounding tissue.

Breast cancer is a term used for a variety of cancers that affect the breasts, including non-invasive, and invasive breast cancers.

How can we be more breast aware?

Early detection of breast cancer offers patients their best chance of survival, and in order to do that, we need a better understanding of individual risk to tailor screening with mammogram, ultrasound (and MRI for selected individuals).

It is important for women to know their bodies well. Look out for changes, and ask yourself the following questions:

1. Do you have a lump in your breast?
2. Have your breasts changed their shapes or size?
3. Have you noticed changes to your nipple?
4. Are you experiencing a discharge from your nipple?
5. Have you noticed changes to the skin of the breast?
6. Have you experienced pain in your breasts?

While changes to your breasts can be natural, and nothing to do with cancer, it is best to get a check-up anytime you notice anything different with your breasts.

What types of cancers are there?

Non-invasive breast cancers 

• Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)

• Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS)
• Phyllodes breast tumours (typically non-invasive, but can sometimes be invasive)

Invasive breast cancers 

• Invasive ductal carcinoma
• Invasive lobular carcinoma
• Locally advanced breast cancer
• Metastatic breast cancer
• Paget’s disease of the nipple
• Inflammatory breast cancer

There are also various subtypes of breast cancer, including:

• Hormone receptor positive breast cancer
• HER2-positive breast cancer
• Triple negative breast cancer

These subtypes influence the type of treatment that is used, and the prognosis.

Hunter Valley Oncology supports Breast Cancer Awareness month, and we recommend that all women over 45 regularly get their breasts checked for any early warning signs of breast cancer, with physical examination and mammogram/ultrasound. We also strongly recommend that men should see their GP if they suspect anything untoward on their nipples or breast area.

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With a shared vision of providing rural communities with equal access to cancer care that rivals any metro city across the globe, our team at Hunter Valley Oncology is excited to partner with other industry leaders to form the Maitland Integrated Cancer Services, located on-site at Maitland Private Hospital. Maitland Integrated Cancer Services offers a fully integrated suite of cancer care services including day infusion services, radiation therapy provided by Icon Cancer Centre, pathology, imaging, an exceptional intensive care unit, surgery and overnight stays.

Radiation oncology now available in Maitland

The opening of the radiation oncology services from Icon Cancer Centre Maitland is a turning point for the region. For the first time ever, patients of the Hunter Valley will have access to radiation oncology services without having to travel to Newcastle for treatment, saving them more than 80 hours of travel time on average during the course of their radiation therapy treatment.

Services at the Icon Cancer Centre Maitland include:

• The support of a dedicated and experienced team of doctors and medical staff
• World-class technology and treatments for all tumour streams
• Advanced radiation therapy techniques
• No waitlist – consultation and treatment in a timely manner
• Lymphoedema screening for breast cancer patients using a SOZO machine

Icon Maitland is committed to providing affordable care for all patients, with no private health insurance required for radiation therapy and up to 90% of costs covered by Medicare.

Radiation therapy techniques offered by Icon Cancer Centre Maitland

The radiation therapy techniques used at the Icon Cancer Centre Maitland will include:

• The latest technology solutions from Varian, including the TrueBeam® linear accelerator and IDENTIFY™ system
• Deep Inspiration Breath Hold (DIBH) – A techniques for left-sided breast cancer patients that reduces the potential of radiation on the heart
• External beam radiation therapy (EBRT) – Uses one or more beams to deliver high energy x-rays to a cancerous tumour
• Intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) – Delivers high dose radiation to cancerous tumours, while limiting impact on healthy surrounding tissue
• Image guided radiation therapy (IGRT) – Utilises the most advanced imaging equipment and computer software
• Volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) – Involves the use of external radiation therapy beams being directed in a series of arcs or angles to allow for greater access to a cancerous tumour
• Stereotactic radiation therapy – An advanced technique used to treat small tumours with well-defined edges in the brain, spine or lung, including tumours that have spread from a primary cancer
• Triggered imaging – A technique unique the TrueBeam linear accelerator, enabling visual verification that a tumour is being accurately and precisely targeted. It is specifically used for prostate cancers
• Surface guided radiation therapy (SGRT) – Tattoo-less radiation therapy alternative that uses advanced camera technology to facilitate 3D tracking of the skin’s surface during set-up treatment
• HyperArc by Varian – Accurately targets multiple tumours while ensuring limited doses of radiation to surrounding healthy brain tissue

Leading cancer care in the Hunter Valley

Our services include the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, evidence-based advice, and personalised care for you and your family. We work with leading allied health, diagnostic, and oncology specialists to give you the holistic care you deserve.

If you have concerns about your cancer, require treatment and care, or simply want to know more about living with cancer, then please do not hesitate to contact the team at Hunter Valley Oncology.

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Unfortunately, they are also rife with misinformation, lies, and cancer myths that is not helpful to anyone.

Before Facebook, Twitter and Instagram took the blame for spreading cancer myths, families and friends sat around the dinner table sharing their ideas about its causes and cures.

Today we hope to bust a few of these myths.

Myth number 1: Getting a biopsy will spread the cancer

Based on flawed studies, the myth that a biopsy may cause your cancer to spread is an oldie. Unfortunately, it’s still believed by many. Recent studies in the US and Europe proved once and for all that having a biopsy will not cause your cancer to spread. Biopsies are a very important part of the diagnostic and treatment process for cancer.

Myth number 2: Eating sugar will make my cancer worse

All cells rely on blood sugar for their energy, but feeding a cancer cell more sugar won’t let it grow faster. Depriving the cell from sugar won’t slow the growth either. If blood sugar is low, the body will work very hard to increase that blood sugar back up so that normal cells can feed off it. The body can turn protein and complex carbohydrates into sugar for this purpose, so it is impossible to truly starve the body of sugar.

That being said, consuming a lot of sugar can cause other health related issues, and those issues may contribute to a higher risk of cancer. So, a healthy diet is best for all. This means eating lots of vegetables, whole grains, some fruit and lean protein. If you are at risk of losing weight, or have already lost weight, then a high calorie and high protein diet may be suggested to help with your weight and muscle mass.

Myth number 3: I have cancer, I will die

Being told you have cancer may possibly be the worst news anyone can hear, but it does not necessarily mean your time is up. Cancer treatments have improved drastically over the years. Doctors are catching it quicker, treating it better, and seeing a greater survival rate than ever before.

At current, over two thirds of all cancer patients survive for five or more years. In many cases, people don’t see their cancer returning once treated.

Myth number 4: Mobile phones cause cancer

Before we even consider the likelihood of mobile phones causing cancer, we need to remind ourselves as to what the main cause of cancer is. Cancer is caused by a change to your DNA within the cells. Once this gene becomes mutated, only then can it become cancerous.

Cell phones only emit low-frequency energy, and not enough to impact or change your genes. Many studies have looked into the effect of mobile phones, and none have found a link between mobile phone use and cancer.

Myth number 5: Power lines can cause cancer

Power lines do emit electric and magnetic energy. However, it’s normally at such a low frequency that it cannot affect your genes.

Many studies have looked at the impact of power lines in suburban areas. To date, no research shows a direct connection between living in a close proximity to power lines and getting cancer.

Myth number 6: Alternative medicine can cure cancer

There is some proof that alternative or complementary treatments, when used in conjunction with traditional methods, can be helpful in the treatment of cancer. However, there is little to no evidence that shows these natural remedies reliably treat cancer on their own.

In fact, some may even pose more harm than good. It’s important to talk to your oncologist about any therapies you are thinking about using during your treatment.

Myth number 7: If cancer is in my family, I will get it too… and vice versa

Less than 10% of cancers are inherited, and an inherited predisposition to cancer in the family does not necessarily mean that everyone in the family will get cancer.

Some cancers develop due to environmental and lifestyle factors. As families tend to live in similar locations and eat similar diets, they may be influenced by the same environmental factors which can lead to developing cancer.

Myth number 8: A lump in your breast is breast cancer

Most lumps found in breasts are benign, but that does not mean you should take them for granted. Any lump has the potential to be cancer, whether it’s hard, smooth, or sinewy.

Some breast cancers won’t even manifest themselves as lumps at all, highlighting the need for regular check-ups and annual mammograms, where required.

Myth number 9: Using hair dye can cause cancer

Most beauty products undergo very stringent tests to ensure they are safe for everyday use. Generally speaking, hair dye and other similar products won’t cause you to develop cancer.

Myth number 10: My oncologist doesn’t want me to try natural products to treat my cancer

Many cancer patients believe their oncologist wouldn’t let them try natural remedies to treat their cancer.

In most cases, your oncologist will be happy that you are exploring ways to treat your cancer. What they will ask is that your natural therapies don’t replace the chemotherapy and other standard treatment plans they have set out for you.

It is important to discuss any natural products you are taking with your doctor, as some may be harmful if taken during chemotherapy or radiation. They may increase the side effects, or even stop the other cancer treatments from working properly. There is some good evidence about the impact and safety of certain complementary therapies on cancer treatments. However, for many of these alternative or complementary treatments there is just no evidence of safety or harm.

If you have any questions or concerns, we recommend that you see you GP as soon as possible and ask for a referral to Hunter Valley Oncology. Our doctors are able to separate fact from fiction and give you the information you need to know.